Sunday, March 15, 2009
Sunday, October 05, 2008
EMMY Award Winner!
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Sunday, September 14, 2008
Modeling Shoot
Check out these pics of Marissa and her friend Kaela. Kaelas' mom, Debra, took the pictures of the girls and they're fantastic! She is a professional photographer and has her own studio located in Lee's Summit. If you want a family photo, have a wedding coming up, have a kid getting ready to graduate or just want some great photos taken, I highly recommend her. She takes all kinds of photographs. Check out her website at: http://www.abundantmoments.com/home.html
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Sunday, July 13, 2008
The Future of Television Displays
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2:28 PM
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Tuesday, June 03, 2008
Night Time Lightning Strikes!!!
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Lightning Strikes
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10:40 PM
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June 3, 2008 Storm Clouds
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Friday, May 30, 2008
Anchor vs. Reporter
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10:19 PM
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Monday, May 26, 2008
Glen is finished with High School!
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10:35 PM
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Thursday, May 22, 2008
David Cook Wins!!! Part 2
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Wednesday, May 21, 2008
David Cook Wins!!!
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Saturday, May 17, 2008
David Cook in KC "Behind the scenes" Part 2
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Friday, May 16, 2008
Don & da dogs...
This is pretty funny stuff. The Morning weather guy at Fox 4 loses it after viewing....well...you just have to watch.
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Thursday, May 15, 2008
Behind the scenes with David Cook
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Tuesday, May 13, 2008
David Cook in KC Part 2
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Newton and the vacuum
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10:58 PM
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Marissa & the violin
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She did it! She earned her MBA!
My wife, Kimberly Sue Hess, has done it! She graduated on May 10th, 2008 with an MBA from Avila University. We are all so very, very proud of her accomplishments. She is truly an incredible woman, mother, wife and friend. CONGRATULATIONS!!!
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David Cook in KC
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Monday, May 12, 2008
Scary Movie Trailer
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9:13 PM
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Wednesday, April 30, 2008
Rot Feaht!
ROT FEAHT! ROT FEAHT! ROT FEAHT!
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1:25 PM
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Sunday, April 27, 2008
Hula Hoopin' Queen!
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Thursday, April 24, 2008
Foosball...
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Saturday, April 19, 2008
The Effects of Television Violence in Mass Media
Effects of Television Violence
In Mass Media
Robert L. Hess II
Effects of Mass Communication
April 16, 2008
Effects of Television Violence in Mass Media
Since its inception, television has no doubt cast a very powerful influence over its audiences. Unlike radio television presented pictures like no one had ever seen before. People were able to travel thousands of miles to see places they might not otherwise thought existed, all from the comfort of their own home. A television, once considered a luxury appliance, was quickly becoming a necessity in the home. Television became a huge factor in people’s lives and it was argued that it could actually affect how people see the world around them. As television programs evolved, producers searched for new ways to hold on to its audiences by choosing material that would draw viewers “in”. This type of selection often lead to choosing the spectacular and sensational over the ordinary since this type of content is more likely to capture the attention of an audience.
This new medium generated innovative research in the study of television and its effects on viewers by searching for links between watching violence on television and actual "Violence" violent behaviors in real life.
Social learning theory has been used in many of the studies that surround the effects of violence on television. Social learning theory states that people learn by process of modeling. Although most social scientists believe there are links, some argue that there are methodological and theoretical problems that limit the interpretation of many research findings. There are many factors that effect aggressive and violent behavior such as poor parenting, mental illness, video games, music, the Internet, movies and television, just to name a few. Some experts believe genetics also play a large role in aggressive and violent behavior. Although we know there are several factors that contribute to aggressive attitudes and behavior, television is the largest and most popular means of mass communication therefore having the most powerful and most dangerous effects.
Nielsen Ratings
To understand television effects on its audiences, it is important to understand not only who and what Nielsen ratings are but also how it figures into the effects process. The primary source of measuring audience size and composition of television programming is Nielsen ratings. Nielsen ratings show statistical information on viewer’s habits. Since television, as a business, makes money by selling audiences to advertisers, the Nielsen television ratings are an important element in the determination of advertising rates, schedules, and program content (Allen, 2004).
It has been calculated that on average, Americans watch 1,550 hours of television a year (Eastman, 2002). Estimates have been done on the loss of ratings points. One estimate stated that of loss of a single ratings point had reached 2 million dollars in a large market (Ehrlich, 1995).
Viewership is rated 4 times a year during February, May, July and November. This is often called the “sweeps” period (Ehrlich, 1995). In short, this is when viewers record their viewing habits and advertising rates are determined from total viewership of all programs. Television networks along with other programmers go through unusual efforts to attract more viewers during these times. Programs during these times are typically hyped up and the content usually contains controversial and unexpected plots or twists. These “sweeps” periods have been criticized on a national level for not representing “typical” programming and encouraging an increase in violent content in order to attract more viewers.
Local news programs are not immune to these types of tricks either. News programs during these times also produce the non-typical controversial stories, titillating investigative reports and promotions. Since local news is profitable, there is a push to produce more entertaining newscasts, making it a difficult to distinguish television journalism and show business (Dominick, Wurtzel, & Lometti, 1975). Some critics say television news over dramatizes real worlds events by showing the visual rather than explaining the analytical (Smith, 1988). It becomes more and more clear why the study of effects of violence in mass media is so important.
The Sixties, A Violent Time in America
It is also important to understand the sixties as a starting point for violence portrayed in the media. Some experts consider the sixties a focal point for mass communication studies in the area of television violence. The sixties were plagued with violence. Several high profile assassinations occurred during the sixties including John F. Kennedy, his brother Bobby Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Skyjackings were happening on a monthly basis and riots broke out in record numbers in almost every state in the U.S. These types of violent acts were effective in drawing the attention of the news media. Even though these acts of violence accounted for a small part in the nations overall violent crime, they attracted a great deal of media attention and generated a considerable amount of public concern.
Developing technology. Technology was developing at lightning fast speeds. The inventions of lightweight cameras and videotape changed television-news as Americans knew it forever. The old method of shooting film and waiting hours to have it developed were no longer an issue. New camera equipment coupled with new satellite technology allowed television news crews to shoot video and send it back to the newsroom in a matter of seconds, all from the “live” location (Powers, 1993). People were able to watch the Vietnam War unfold on the nightly news and view other countless acts of violence that stemmed anywhere from campus protests and the anti-war movement to civil rights.
With all of this violence in the media there became a growing concern about the possible effects television violence might have on the viewing public.
Today we know the effects of television violence stretch far and there are many different theories as to what those effects are. Fear, aggression, and desensitization are areas that are most commonly addressed not only in television news programs but television programs in general. Television is a main source for news for millions of Americans everyday. Crime and violent world events seem to be the most frequently covered topics. Local news has often been found to overemphasize crime and rely heavily on sensational reports of violence. Because of this it becomes clear as to why the studies of its effects are so hotly debated. The government got involved in the late sixties and formed a commission to study the effects of television violence.
Violence and the Media: A Landmark Study
In 1969 the National Commission on the Causes & Prevention of Violence issued a 15-volume series of reports called “To Establish Justice, To Ensure Domestic Tranquility”. This commission was formed a year and a half earlier in 1968 by The President of the United States to examine the causes and prevention of lawless acts of violence, the causes of disrespect for law and order, the causes of disrespect of public officials and the causes of violent disruptions of public order by individuals and groups (Lowery & DeFleur, 1995).
Within this 15-volume series of reports was a study called Violence and the Media. Violence and the Media was a massive work, with more than 600 pages, 19 substantive chapters, and 18 technical appendices. This was a landmark study in mass communication and was indicative of the growing concern that the public had about the relationship between violence portrayed in the media and violence in everyday life (Lowery & DeFleur,1995). The study was two-fold. This media task force-sponsored study sought to study not only how violence is portrayed in television but also how Americans experience the world of violence.
The commission contracted Professor George Gerbner & his staff at Annenberg School of Communication to conduct a content analysis. Gerbner is a well-known expert in the research technique of content analysis and also in the study of violence itself. Louis Harris and associates were contracted to examine the “real world” of violence and conduct the National survey for the study. Harris & associates is a well-known public opinion firm. The purpose of their National survey was to investigate the world of violence as Americans experience it.
Major findings. From this study they were able to conclude from the comparison of television violence & real life experience with violence that there was a high level of overlap between preferences for violent media content & real life violent experience. This finding suggested that:
“the television world of violence has the capacity to reinforce the violence in the beliefs and actions of the real world.”(Lowery & DeFleur,1995).
This study also cautioned that long-term exposure to the patterned world of TV violence could affect the norms and behavior of “normal” individuals, there would be an increase in the likelihood of their acceptance of violence and a higher probability that these “normal” individuals would use violence themselves. In short, the study found that watching TV violence could reinforce violent behavior and cause it.
Although “Violence and the Media” raised more question than answers it was a landmark study that helped pave the way for new research. Although other forms of media were also deemed guilty of promoting violence, it was argued that since television was (and still is) the most popular medium, it had the most powerful and dangerous effects. It should be noted that this study also acknowledged that all media must share the responsibility for helping to make American society a more violent one.
Short and long term Effects. This study concluded that there were short-term and long-term effects on viewers from violence on television. One of the short term effects of television violence were that audiences that were exposed to mass media portrayals of violence would learn how to perform these violent acts. Also, audience members were more likely to exhibit that learning if they expected to be rewarded for violent behavior and/or encounter a situation similar to that portrayed (Lowery & DeFleur,1995).
The long-term effects had many new insights and helped pave the way for future research. This study concluded that one of the long-term effects of violence on television was that exposure to mass media portrayals of violence over long periods of time socializes audiences into the norms, attitudes and values for violence contained in those portrayals (Lowery & DeFleur,1995). The probability of this socialization increased as the age of the viewer decreased. Probability also increased as the number of alternative or competitive sources of socialization into violence decreased. Another long-term effect was mass media portrayals of violence could make members of the audience insensitive or emotionally neutral to real acts of violence.
The research found that young audiences are likely to develop and maintain psychological rigidity and that inaccurate portrayals of class, ethnic, racial, and occupational groups in mass media could also be damaging to communication between groups and lead to hatred, fear or other emotions creating more intergroup conflict and violence. Another finding to the long-term effects was that violence on television created a view of the world as totally violent. This worldview tends to promote widespread tolerance of violence.
This landmark study of “Violence and the media” set the tone for how new and more innovative studies in mass communication would be conducted.
Television Violence and it’s Effects on Children
Ever since the 1969 study of “Violence and the Media” was conducted, several more questions have arisen about television violence and it’s effects on children. Do violent acts that are viewed on television by children cause them to commit crime later in their lives? Are there any more short or long-term effects to viewing television violence? There is no debate over whether or not television is a powerful influence in children’s lives. Rather, measuring the effects it has on people’s lives, mainly children, can better sum the debate. There are many theories that try to explain this phenomenon. The Cultivation Theory states that watching television can induce a mindset in the viewer. In a nutshell, this means that if a viewer watches violent television, the viewer will develop a violent attitude (Lett, DiPietro & Johnson, 2004). Gerbner and his colleagues believe heavy television viewing has a "significant influence on the attitudes, beliefs and judgments of viewers concerning the social world.” (Chandler, 1995) Imitation is a human element that ranks high among children. The average child in America will have watched 100,000 acts of televised violence, including 8000 depictions of murder, by the time they finish the sixth grade (Eastman, 2002). These statistics alone leave little doubt of the short and long-term effects television violence can leave on children. On average, children will be exposed to a thousand murders, rapes, and assaults per year through television. Some experts warn that early exposure to television violence has been a significant predictor of later aggression (Eastman, 2002).
No one can argue that many television programs today are violent. Many studies have found that children can become more aggressive due to the violent acts they view on television programs. A study by George Gerbner (1988) showed that children's television shows contain about 20 violent acts each hour. Children often behave differently after they've been watching violent programs on television. In a study conducted in 1956,(Siegel, 1956) 24 children were observed before and after watching television. Some of the children watched cartoons that had many aggressive and violent acts; others watched shows that had no acts of violence. The researchers noted differences between the children who watched the violent shows and those who watched non-violent shows. The researchers found that children who watched the violent shows were more likely to hit playmates, argue, disobey and they were less willing to wait for things than children who watched non-violent programs. Viewing these violent acts can lead to gradually accepting violence as a way to solve problems by mimicking the violence they see on television programs.
The world viewed as a hostile place. Studies have also shown that children who watch a lot of television are more likely to think that the world is a mean and dangerous place. Just as it has been found for fictional violence, news presentations that are skewed toward violence could encourage people to believe that the world is a hostile place. Children could get the impression that violence is a justified means to protect oneself or to resolve conflict. Frequent viewing of real-life violence in news programs could also make children less sensitive to other people’s distress and more accepting of violent behavior.
Aggressiveness. Extensive viewing of television violence by children causes greater aggressiveness. Sometimes, watching a single violent program can increase aggressiveness. Children who view shows in which violence is very realistic, frequently repeated or left unpunished, are more likely to imitate what they see. The impact of TV violence may be immediately evident in a child’s behavior or may surface years later. Young people can even be affected when the family atmosphere shows no tendency toward violence. However, this does not mean that violence on television is the only source for aggressive or violent behavior, but it is a significant contributor.
Television as a scapegoat. It is easy to label television as the scapegoat and place the blame on it for children becoming violent later in life. In many families, television has become a sort of electronic baby-sitter. Television has been a replacement for quality time with parents. Children who spend their after school time alone because parents work, often find themselves learning behaviors not from their parents, but from television.
Television news. Television news programs can be a powerful influence in children’s lives. Although most television news programs are not intended for children, the increase of television channels and internet websites that broadcast news around the clock and with the growing practice of interrupting television programming to report on "breaking news stories”, children of all ages can be regularly confronted with violent acts of murders, tragic accidents, war, and other violent stories. Studies have shown that realistic portrayals of violence on television can raise levels of aggression, immediate fright reactions, cause children to fear the world as a scary place, and cause desensitization, particularly in older, school-aged children, who are able to distinguish the real from the unreal on television (Paik & Comstock, 1994). Short-term aggressive behavior, which is fostered by the arousal process and imitation of violence, could be encouraged by violent news portrayals, especially when news programs show sensational images of weapons and actually occurring violence. Frequent viewing of news programs that overemphasize crime, terror, and war could enhance long-term observational learning of violent schemas.
Conclusion
Many studies researching violence on television seem to come up with the same conclusions. Although television violence can’t be attributed to all cases of aggression, desensitization or fear of the world as a scary place, it cannot be argued that it doesn’t have an overwhelming influence, especially in children. Even though it’s true that some people are more likely to be affected by television violence than others, some experts have said that those who are affected by television the most already had the potential to be more aggressive anyway.
There is still much room for studying and understanding violence on television. As many new forms of viewings video come about, there will no-doubt be more studies conducted on the effects of violence portrayed in the media and real life violence.
References
Paik H, Comstock G. The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis. Commun Res.1994; 21:516 –546.
Chandler, 1995 http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/cultiv.html
Ehrlich, M. C. (1995). The ethical dilemma of television news sweeps. Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 10(1), 37-47.
Allen, C. (2004, December). Discovering “Joe six pack” content in television news: The hidden history of audience research, news consultants, and the Warner class model. Journal of broadcasting & Electronic Media. 49(4), 363-382.
Powers, A. (1993). Competition, conduct and ratings in local television news: Applying the industrial organization model. Journal of Media Economics. 6(2), 37-44.
Dominick J. R., Wurtzel A., & Lometti G. (1975). Television journalism vs. show business: a content analysis of eyewitness news. Journalism Quarterly. 52(1), 213-218.
Smith, C. (1988). News critics, newsworkers and local television news. Journalism Quarterly. 65(2/3), 341-346.
Eastman, W. (2004). Beginnings and beyond: The relationship between television violence and neurodevelopment of young children. College Quarterly 7(2).
Lett, M.D., DiPietro A.L., Johnson, D.I., (2004). Examining effects of television news violence on college students through cultivation theory. Communication research reports. 21(1), 39-46.
Siegel, A.E. (1956). Film-mediated fantasy aggression and strength of aggressive drive. Child Development, 27, 365-378.
Lowery, S.A., DeFleur M.L. (1995). Milestones in mass communication research/media effects (3rd ed.). New York: Longman
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Thursday, April 17, 2008
Everyone Loves to dance...
This is a story Tess and I did last year. I really liked it. So, here it is.
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3:32 PM
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Thursday, March 27, 2008
Focus Follow for AM Image Spot
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8:44 PM
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Thursday, March 20, 2008
Glenn Danzig Grocery Shopping List-You Tube
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Saturday, March 15, 2008
When can you expect to get your Tax Relief Check?
Below is a schedule for the issuance of the Tax Relief Checks this summer. Week Last 2 digits of your SSN Receive your check by week of 1 00 - 09 July 23 2 10 - 19 July 30 3 20 - 29 August 6 4 30 - 39 August 13 5 40 - 49 August 20 6 50 - 59 August 27 7 60 - 69 Sept. 3 8 70 - 79 Sept. 10 9 80 - 89 Sept. 17 10 90 - 99 Sept. 24 For married taxpayers who filed a joint return, the first Social Security Number on the return determines the mailing date. Source: Internal Revenue Service
Here's the breakdown, according to MSNBC: If you made less than $75,000 in 2007, you get $600. A couple earning less than $150,000 gets $1,200 back, plus an additional $300 per child. If you made at least $3,000 but paid no taxes, you still get $300. But here's where it gets tricky. The rebate is technically an "advance credit" for your 2008 taxes, leading some to believe the extra money will come out of your refund for next year. "No," said Rudoy. "It's a one-time stimulus to the economy, and it won't affect anything that anybody has for next year." The IRS gave Call 4 Action the Plus, it said you can get another $300 next year on top of the rebate check if you have a child in 2008. And unlike years past, it won't make you pay taxes on that rebate money. But many of you who are elderly or low-income, living off Social Security or veterans benefits, could miss out altogether. To get the rebate check, you must file a tax form for 2007, even if you're not required to do so. Otherwise, you're passing up what's essentially free money.
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Thursday, March 06, 2008
The Drive Home...A Short Film...
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Wednesday, March 05, 2008
The ball never touches the GROUND!
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These guys are off amazing!
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9:55 PM
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Lemon anyone?
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Thursday, February 21, 2008
Weather Image Shoot 08'
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Tuesday, February 19, 2008
Bob Hess Sr. Lead Story at 9pm...Sort of...
CLICK THE PICTURE TO WATCH THE STORY
KANSAS CITY, Mo. -- The USDA says more than 140 million pounds of recalled beef won't make you sick to your stomach, but hearing about how the cows were treated at a California plant is making plenty of Metro shoppers feel ill.
You may not like to think about where your steak comes from - maybe you don't mind it. But shoppers say video of how the Westland-Hallmark meat plant treated their cows before they were slaughtered is deplorable.
"I wonder what else they may be doing to them," Darren Brown, shopper, says when he think about the animals.
The situation makes people think twice about what they're picking up for dinner.
"I didn't buy any [meat] today," Nicole Rolofson, shopper, said. "In fact, I bought the Boca meat, the vegetarian crumbles, so we didn't buy any ground meat today."
Though there was only one offender in this recall, the entire meat industry will likely feel a sales backlash.
"It's pretty appalling, pretty appalling to know something like that could happen with all the controls and provisions we have in place to prevent that," Bob Hess, retired USDA beef inspector, said of the recall. Hess spent his career supervising beef production in Kansas and Missouri.
He says the mistreatment of animals offends him after he spent years working to safeguard not only the product, but the cows themselves.
"Each of those animals, as they go through the process, there are strategic points that inspectors will examine during that process"
But he understands how it could have happened.
"It becomes an inanimate object to them. They just want to get them moving, and sometimes it's hard to do," Hess said. "It does not make it right.
"To find out where your grocery store or favorite restaurant gets its beef, call the USDA hotline at 1-888-MP-HOTLINE or you can visit the USDA Web site.
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Saturday, February 16, 2008
Other Family Members

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The eye
This is a picture of my eye. I did very little enhancement in photoshop. I added a matte, sharpened the image and put a blur around the edges. The eye is fascinating. You can tell a lot about a person just by their eyes. So many parts and functions. So much we take for granted with the eye. The iris is crazy with so many designs and colors. I kept the image large (12 mega pixels) so you can click on the pic to see a larger view.
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Tuesday, February 05, 2008
RATS!
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Monday, January 28, 2008
The I Mac
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Saturday, January 05, 2008
Introducing the ipod touch!
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